Usually, if I want to subset a dataframe conditioning of some values a variable I'm using subset and %in%:

x <- data.frame(u=1:10,v=LETTERS[1:10])
x
subset(x, v %in% c("A","D"))

Now, I found out that also == gives the same result:

subset(x, v == c("A","D"))

I'm just wondering if they are identically or if there is a reason to prefere one over the other. Thanks for help.

Edit (@MrFlick): This question asks not the same as this here which asks how to not include several values: (!x %in% c('a','b')). I asked why I got the same if I use ==or %in%.

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1 Answer

You should use the first one %in% because you got the result only because in the example dataset, it was in the order of recycling of A, D. Here, it is comparing

rep(c("A", "D"), length.out= nrow(x))
# 1] "A" "D" "A" "D" "A" "D" "A" "D" "A" "D" x$v==rep(c("A", "D"), length.out= nrow(x))# only because of coincidence #[1] TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
subset(x, v == c("D","A"))
#[1] u v
#<0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

while in the above

 x$v==rep(c("D", "A"), length.out= nrow(x)) #[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE

whereas %in% works

subset(x, v %in% c("D","A"))
# u v
#1 1 A
#4 4 D

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