here is my disas code:

 0x0804844d <+0>: push %ebp 0x0804844e <+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x08048450 <+3>: and $0xfffffff0,%esp 0x08048453 <+6>: sub $0x20,%esp 0x08048456 <+9>: movl $0x8048540,(%esp) 0x0804845d <+16>: call 0x8048310 <puts@plt> 0x08048462 <+21>: lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax 0x08048466 <+25>: mov %eax,0x4(%esp) 0x0804846a <+29>: movl $0x8048555,(%esp) 0x08048471 <+36>: call 0x8048320 <scanf@plt> 0x08048476 <+41>: mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax 0x0804847a <+45>: cmp $0x208c,%eax 0x0804847f <+50>: jne 0x804848f <main+66> 0x08048481 <+52>: movl $0x8048558,(%esp) 0x08048488 <+59>: call 0x8048310 <puts@plt> 0x0804848d <+64>: jmp 0x804849b <main+78>
=> 0x0804848f <+66>: movl $0x8048569,(%esp) 0x08048496 <+73>: call 0x8048310 <puts@plt> 0x0804849b <+78>: mov $0x0,%eax 0x080484a0 <+83>: leave 0x080484a1 <+84>: ret 

what i'm tring to examine is $0x208c. When I type x/xw 0x208c it gives me back error which says Cannot access memory at address 0x208c. When i type Info registers and look at eax it says the value which i provided. So basically this program compares two values and depending on that prints something out.The problem is that this is homework from university and I have not got code. Hope you can help. Thank you.

3

6 Answers

When I type x/xw 0x208c it gives me back error which says Cannot access memory at address 0x208c

The disassembly for your program says that it does something like this:

puts("some string");
int i;
scanf("%d", &i); // I don't know what the actual format string is. // You can find out with x/s 0x8048555
if (i == 0x208c) { ... } else { ... }

In other words, the 0x208c is a value (8332) that your program has hard-coded in it, and is not a pointer. Therefore, GDB is entirely correct in telling you that if you interpret 0x208c as a pointer, that pointer does not point to readable memory.

i finally figured out to use print statement instead of x/xw

You appear to not understand the difference between print and examine commands. Consider this example:

int foo = 42;
int *pfoo = &foo;

With above, print pfoo will give you the address of foo, and x pfoo will give you the value stored at that address (i.e. the value of foo).

I found out that it is impossible to examine mmaped memory that does not have PROT_READ flag. This is not the OPs problem, but it was mine, and the error message is the same.

Instead of

mmap(0, size, PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);

do

mmap(0, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);

and voila, the memory can be examined.

Uninitialized pointers

It is kind of obvious in retrospective, but this is what was causing GDB to show that error message to me. Along:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { int *p; printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
}

And then:

gdb -q -nh -ex run ./tmp.out
Reading symbols from ./tmp.out...done.
Starting program: /home/ciro/bak/git/cpp-cheat/gdb/tmp.out
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000555555554656 in main () at tmp.c:5
5 printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
(gdb) print *p
Cannot access memory at address 0x0

But in a complex program of course, and where the address was something random different from zero.

In my case the problem was caused by calling munmap with length bigger than mmap:

#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){ size_t length_alloc = 10354688; size_t length_unmap = 5917171456; void *v = mmap(0, 10354688, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); if (v == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap of %lu bytes failed with error: %s", 10354688, strerror(errno)); }else{ printf("mmaped %p\n", v); munmap(v, length_unmap); }
}

So the unmap unmapped also mappings for stacks of a few threads. Pretty nasty one because it rendered the core dump impossible to use with my current skill level. Especially that in the original problem, the size passed to munmap was somewhat random. And it crashed only sometimes and the end of a very lengthy process.

If GDB says memory address not found that means the symbol is not available in the executable file opened by gdb or through file exefilename. OR you have not compiled the exefile with -g option. What happens when you are a newbie for gdb you may have given the command file argfile instead of run argfile. Pls check.

I experienced same error. I solved my case with increasing swap space with Gparted software. 1- First install Gparted with "sudo apt-get install gparted" 2- Open Gparted and right click on swap then select Resize/Move (Note: you be able to increase swap size only if you have unallocated memory before or after swap memory)

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